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, 1881: "Our Own Correspondent — The Man for the Times"
William Howard Russell (28 March,
1821 - 11 February,
1907) was an Irish reporter with
The Times, and is considered to have been one of the first modern war correspondents, after he spent 22 months covering the
Crimean War.
Early life
Born in Lilyvale, County Dublin, and raised by a Protestant father and Catholic mother, the family moved to Liverpool, England while he was still a child. He studied at
Trinity College, Dublin, and briefly at
Cambridge.
Career
As a young reporter, Russell reported on a brief military conflict between Prussian and Danish troops in Denmark in 1850.
Initially sent by editor John Delane to
Malta to cover English support for Russia in 1854, Russell despised the term "war correspondent" - though his coverage of the conflict brought him international renown, and
Florence Nightingale later credited her entry into wartime nursing to his reports. He was described by one of the soldiers on the frontlines thus, "a vulgar low Irishman, sings a good song, drinks anyone's brandy and water and smokes as many cigas as a Jolly Good Fellow. He is just the sort of chap to get information, particularly out of youngsters".Sweeney, Michael S.
From the Front: The Story of War, printed by
National Geographic Society, 2002 This reputation however, led to Russell being blacklisted from some circles, including British commander FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan who advised his officers to refuse to speak with the reporter.
His dispatches were hugely significant: for the first time the public could read about the reality of warfare. Shocked and outraged, the public's backlash from his reports led the Government to re-evaluate the treatment of troops and led to Florence Nightingale's involvement in revolutionising
battlefield medicine.
On September 20, 1854, Russell covered the battle above the Alma River (Ukraine) - writing his missive the following day in an account book seized from a Russian corpse. The story, written in the form of a letter to Delane, was supportive of the British troops though paid particular attention to the battlefield surgeons' "humane barbarity", and the lack of ambulance care for wounded troops. He later covered the Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855) where he coined the contemporary phrase "thin red line" in referring to British troops, writing that " Russians dash on towards that thin red streak topped with a line of steel..." Following Russell's reports of the appalling conditions suffered by the Allied troops conducting the siege, including an outbreak of cholera,
Samuel Morton Peto and his partners built the Grand Crimean Central Railway, which was a major factor leading to the success of the siege.
He spent the month of December 1854 in Constantinople, on holiday, returning in early 1855. He was close to FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, who he would avoid criticising, but was disliked by William John Codrington, who became commander in 1855. Russell left Crimea in December 1855, to be replaced by the Constantinople correspondent of
The Times.
In 1856 Russell was sent to
Moscow to describe the coronation of Tsar
Alexander II of Russia, and in the following year was sent to India where he witnessed the siege of
Lucknow (1858). In 1861 Russell went to
Washington, D.C.. He later published diaries of his time in India, the
American Civil War, and the Franco-Prussian War, where he describes the warm welcome given him by English-speaking Prussian generals such as Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal. Russell returned to
England in 1863. In July of 1865 Russell sailed on the
SS Great Eastern to document the laying of the Transatlantic telegraph cable, and wrote a book about the voyage with color illustrations by Robert Dudley.
He was awarded the title of Commander of the Royal Victorian Order by King Edward VII, who reportedly told Russell "Don't kneel Billy, just stoop" during the ceremony. Russell later accused fellow war correspondent
Nicholas Woods of the Morning Herald of lying in his articles about the war, trying to improve his stories.
Later life
In the 1869 General Election Russell ran unsuccessfully as a
Conservative Party (UK) candidate for the borough of
Chelsea, London.
He retired as a battlefield correspondent in 1882 and founded the
Army and Navy Gazette.
Russell was knighted in May 1895.
Russell died in 1907 and is buried in
Brompton Cemetery, London.
Personal life
He married twice.
Legacy
Russell's dispatches via telegraph from the Crimea remain his most enduring legacy as, for the first time, he brought the realities of war, both good and bad, home to readers. Thus he helped to diminish the distance between the home front and remote battle fields.
Russell's war reporting (often in semi-verbatim form) features prominently in Northern Irish poet Ciaran Carson's reconstruction of the Crimean war in
Breaking News (2003).
References
, 1881: "Our Own Correspondent — The Man for the Times"
William Howard Russell (28 March, 1821 -
11 February,
1907) was an Irish reporter with
The Times, and is considered to have been one of the first modern war correspondents, after he spent 22 months covering the Crimean War.
Early life
Born in
Lilyvale, County Dublin, and raised by a Protestant father and Catholic mother, the family moved to Liverpool, England while he was still a child. He studied at
Trinity College, Dublin, and briefly at
Cambridge.
Career
As a young reporter, Russell reported on a brief military conflict between Prussian and Danish troops in Denmark in 1850.
Initially sent by editor John Delane to
Malta to cover English support for Russia in 1854, Russell despised the term "war correspondent" - though his coverage of the conflict brought him international renown, and
Florence Nightingale later credited her entry into wartime nursing to his reports. He was described by one of the soldiers on the frontlines thus, "a vulgar low Irishman, sings a good song, drinks anyone's brandy and water and smokes as many cigas as a Jolly Good Fellow. He is just the sort of chap to get information, particularly out of youngsters".Sweeney, Michael S.
From the Front: The Story of War, printed by
National Geographic Society, 2002 This reputation however, led to Russell being
blacklisted from some circles, including British commander
FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan who advised his officers to refuse to speak with the reporter.
His dispatches were hugely significant: for the first time the public could read about the reality of warfare. Shocked and outraged, the public's backlash from his reports led the Government to re-evaluate the treatment of troops and led to Florence Nightingale's involvement in revolutionising
battlefield medicine.
On September 20, 1854, Russell covered the battle above the
Alma River (Ukraine) - writing his missive the following day in an account book seized from a Russian corpse. The story, written in the form of a letter to Delane, was supportive of the British troops though paid particular attention to the battlefield surgeons' "humane barbarity", and the lack of ambulance care for wounded troops. He later covered the Siege of Sevastopol (1854-1855) where he coined the contemporary phrase "thin red line" in referring to British troops, writing that " Russians dash on towards that thin red streak topped with a line of steel..." Following Russell's reports of the appalling conditions suffered by the Allied troops conducting the siege, including an outbreak of cholera,
Samuel Morton Peto and his partners built the
Grand Crimean Central Railway, which was a major factor leading to the success of the siege.
He spent the month of December 1854 in Constantinople, on holiday, returning in early 1855. He was close to FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, who he would avoid criticising, but was disliked by William John Codrington, who became commander in 1855. Russell left Crimea in December 1855, to be replaced by the Constantinople correspondent of
The Times.
In 1856 Russell was sent to
Moscow to describe the coronation of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, and in the following year was sent to
India where he witnessed the siege of Lucknow (1858). In 1861 Russell went to
Washington, D.C.. He later published diaries of his time in India, the
American Civil War, and the Franco-Prussian War, where he describes the warm welcome given him by English-speaking Prussian generals such as
Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal. Russell returned to England in 1863. In July of 1865 Russell sailed on the
SS Great Eastern to document the laying of the
Transatlantic telegraph cable, and wrote a book about the voyage with color illustrations by Robert Dudley.
He was awarded the title of Commander of the
Royal Victorian Order by
King Edward VII, who reportedly told Russell "Don't kneel Billy, just stoop" during the ceremony. Russell later accused fellow war correspondent
Nicholas Woods of the Morning Herald of lying in his articles about the war, trying to improve his stories.
Later life
In the 1869 General Election Russell ran unsuccessfully as a Conservative Party (UK) candidate for the borough of
Chelsea, London.
He retired as a battlefield correspondent in 1882 and founded the
Army and Navy Gazette.
Russell was knighted in May 1895.
Russell died in 1907 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.
Personal life
He married twice.
Legacy
Russell's dispatches via telegraph from the Crimea remain his most enduring legacy as, for the first time, he brought the realities of war, both good and bad, home to readers. Thus he helped to diminish the distance between the home front and remote battle fields.
Russell's war reporting (often in semi-verbatim form) features prominently in Northern Irish poet Ciaran Carson's reconstruction of the Crimean war in
Breaking News (2003).
References
William H. Russell
William Howard Russell was born in Tallaght in Ireland. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin, he joined The Times in 1843.
William Howard Russell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
William Howard Russell (28 March 1821 - 11 February 1907) was an Irish reporter with The Times, and is considered to have been one of the first modern war correspondents, after he ...
William Howard Russell - Wikimedia Commons
This page was last modified on 12 July 2008, at 21:56. Text is available under GNU Free Documentation License. Wikimedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation ...
Exhibit: William Howard Russell
William Howard Russell by Watkins, Herbert exhibited at the 1857, Manchester, Art Treasures exhibition.
The Great Reporters - David Randall - William Howard Russell
David Randall, author of The Universal Journalist, presents 13 in-depth profiles of the best journalists who ever lived - nine Americans ...
William Russell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... Graceland University professor; William Greeneberry Russell (1818–1887), American miner; William Hepburn Russell (1812–1872), founder of the Pony Express; William Howard Russell (1821 ...
Amazon.com: William Howard Russell
Historic Print (M): [William Howard Russell, 1820-1907, full length portrait, seated at small table, writing by Olde Yankee Map and Photo Shoppe
Author:William Howard Russell - Wikisource
Works by this author are in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. Translations or editions published later may be copyrighted.
William Russell : Oxford Biography Index entry
William Russell. Russell, Sir William Howard (1820–1907), journalist. Oxford Biography Index Number 101035889 [what is this?] http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101035889 Primary ...
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Russell, Sir ...
Russell, Sir William Howard (1821-1907).-- War correspondent, b. in Co. Dublin, was called to the Bar in 1850. Having joined the staff of the Times, he was sent as war ...
